Introduction: Cholera remains a public health emergency in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to safe drinking water and sanitation infrastructure is limited. Since July 2025, the eastern region of Chad has been facing a cholera outbreak. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and outcome profile of the first patients managed in cholera treatment centers.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the epidemiological situation report of the Ministry of Public Health, No. 34 dated August 30, 2025. All suspected cholera cases and those confirmed by microbiological tests were included in the study.

Results: During the study period (July–August 2025), 1,331 cholera cases were reported across three provinces in eastern Chad. The Chokoyane health district was the most affected, accounting for 46.2% of cases (n = 1,226). The median age was 23 years. The 5–14-year age group was the most represented (34.79%, n = 463). Females predominated (62.5%, n = 1,660), with a sex ratio of 0.4. Clinically, diarrhea was present in all patients, complicated by moderate to severe dehydration in 88% (n = 2,338). Vomiting occurred in 76% (n = 2,019). Laboratory analyses isolated Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. The case fatality rate was 5.6% (n = 149). The response measures included case management in treatment centers, antibiotic prophylaxis for contacts, cholera vaccination, household disinfection, and chlorine distribution.

Conclusion: The current outbreak’s epidemiological and clinical profile is similar to that of previous years, with the particularity of a higher incidence among children. Its re-emergence is linked to the limited capacity of the health system and the massive influx of people displaced by armed conflict. Strengthening health system capacities and epidemiological surveillance is essential to control this epidemic.

TBA