Jayesh Singh
Addenbrookes Hospital, United KingdomPresentation Title:
Secondhand smoke and biomass fuel exposure as risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
Introduction: Secondhand Smoke (SHS) exposure and biomass cooking fuel utilization represent persistent and growing health threats in regions where Tuberculosis (TB) poses major public health risks. This comprehensive study conducted in Nuh district, Haryana, India, investigated the association between environmental exposures, including SHS and biomass cooking fuel use, with pulmonary TB development.
Methodology: This matched case-control study included 218 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases matched with 218 non-TB controls recruited from the same healthcare facility. Cases comprised non-smoking adult men and women presenting as incident pulmonary TB patients diagnosed at the Tuberculosis Detection Center (TDC) through standard guidelines. Data were collected as a structured questionnaire. Bivariate logistic regression assessed associations between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for significant associations.
Results: Kitchen facilities analysis showed 192/436 (44%) homes without separate cooking areas and 215/436 (49.3%) lacking exhaust ventilation. Cooking fuel analysis revealed 73/218 (33.5%) cases used biomass fuels compared to 42/218 (19.3%) controls. Results demonstrated significant associations between TB and environmental risk factors: SHS exposure (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.39-5.75), biomass fuel use (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.13-3.03), overcrowding (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.69-4.78), and inadequate ventilation (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.52).
Conclusions: The findings provide compelling evidence for the role of indoor air pollution and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in TB pathogenesis among vulnerable populations in resource-limited settings. SHS exposure and biomass cooking fuel use emerged as independent risk factors with substantial effect sizes, supporting biological mechanisms linking indoor air pollution to TB susceptibility. Additional environmental factors, including overcrowding, dampness, and inadequate ventilation, demonstrated strong associations with disease occurrence.
Biography
Dr. Jayesh Singh, MBChB is a dedicated resident doctor currently practicing at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. He completed his medical degree at the University of Buckingham, England. He did an elective placement as a medical student in SHKM Government Medical College, Haryana, India. As a Foundation year trainee he developed a keen interest in internal medicine and global healthcare, particularly in addressing health disparities and improving access to quality medical care worldwide through evidence-based medicine to promote better health outcomes across diverse populations around the globe.
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